Saturday, January 30, 2010

Buildings of Hatshepsut

In the Karnak temple (Thebes), she renovated her father's hall, introduced four great obelisks nearly 100 feet (30 m) tall, and added a fine chapel. At Beni-Hasan, in Middle Egypt, she built a rock-cut temple known in Greek as Speos Artemidos. Her supreme achievement was the splendid temple at Dayr al-Bahri. Designed as a funerary monument for Hatshepsut and her father, it contains reliefs that record the major events of her reign.

Hatshepsut also cut a large tomb for herself in the Valley of the Kings, another strictly pharaonic prerogative. Its burial chamber was intended to lie behind her funerary temple, and she also planned to move her father's mummy into her own tomb. Her attention to Thutmose I was intended to emphasize her legitimate succession directly from him through the agency of Amon-Re, whom she claimed as her actual father.
Queen Hatshepsut's ambition, however, encountered that of the energetic Thutmose III, who had become head of the army। As she and her loyal officials aged, his party grew stronger. The early death of her daughter, whom she married to Thutmose III, may have contributed to her decline. Whether She died naturally or was deposed and slain is uncertain.
Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut had begun construction of a tomb when she was the Great Wife of Thutmose II, but the scale of this was not suitable when she became "king", so a second tomb was built. This was KV20, which was possibly the first tomb to be constructed in the Valley of the Kings. The original intention appear to have been to hew a long tunnel that would lead underneath her mortuary temple, but the quality of the limestone bedrock was poor and her architect must have realized tha this goal would not be possible. See cartouche of Hatshepsut

A large burial chamber was created instead as a result. At some point it was decided to inter her father, Thutmose I from his original tomb in KV38 into a new chamber below her own. Her original red-quartzite sarcophagus was altered to accommodate her father instead, and a new one was made for her. It is likely that when she died (no later than the twenty-second year of her reign) she was interred in this tomb along with her father. See ancient egypt List of Kings Cartouches here.

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